Look here! And Know more about Present Perfect Tense
Tenses are important
for English grammar. Tenses are basic in English grammar.
Let us learn how to use Present Perfect Tense.
The present
perfect tense is grammatical combination of the present tense and perfect
aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences. This
tense is an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past
or began in the past and continued at the time of speaking.
The structure of the tense is,
Subject + has/have + V3(past participle of
the verb)+ object
Observe the following sentences.
1. Sam has closed the window.
2. I have taken his book.
3. We have paid electricity bill.
4. They have lived in Delhi for over ten years.
5. Jack has completed his cleaning work.
6.
Uses
1. Past
actions when we think of their effect in the present.
For example:
Somebody has
torn my book. (The book is torn now)
I have
washed clothes. (Clothes are clean now.)
2. Actions
that happened only a short time ago. Means action completed the very recent
past (+just)
For example:
1. He has
just finished his work.
2. She has
just gone out.
3. We have
just seen her.
3. Indefinite
action that happened in a period up to the present time. It is often used with
ever, never, yet, already, once, twice, three times, etc.
For example:
1. Have you
ever seen him?
2. I have
never visited Taj Mahal?
3. I have
already finished my homework.
4. For
actions beginning at sometime in the past and going on up to the moment of
speaking with for /since and for phrases
For example:
1. I have
known her since 2018
2. He has
lived at Kolkata for 4 years.
When to use
present perfect or the simple past tense
1. When the
action is completed, use simple past tense.
For example:
I went to
gym before work this morning.
In the above
sentence action is completed. So if we use present perfect tense it is wrong.
2. When
there is finished time expression give, use simple past tense.
For example:
I phoned her
an hour ago.
In the above
sentence time expression is mentioned so we should use simple past tense only.
Negative form
Subject + has/have +not + V3 (past participle
of the verb)+object
Look at the
sentences below
1. Sam has closed the window.
Negative: Sam has not closed the window.
2. I have taken his book.
Negative: I have not taken his book
3. We have paid electricity bill.
Negative: we have not
paid electricity bill.
4. They have lived in Delhi for over ten years.
Negative: They have not lived in Delhi for over ten years.
5. Jack has completed his cleaning work.
Negative: Jack has not completed his cleaning work.
Interrogative form
Has/have + subject+ past participle of
the verb+ object?
Observe the following sentences:
1. Sam has closed the window.
Interrogative: Has Sam closed the window?
2. You have taken his book.
Interrogative: Have you taken his book?
3. They have paid electricity bill.
Interrogative: Have they paid electricity bill?
4. They have lived in Delhi for over ten years .
Interrogative: Have they lived in Delhi for over ten
years?
5. Jack has completed his cleaning work.
Interrogative: Has Jack completed his cleaning work?
Negative interrogative form:
Has/have +not+ subject+ past participle
of the verb+ object?
Observe the following sentences:
1. Sam has closed the window.
Interrogative: Has not /hasn’t Sam closed the window?
2. You have taken his book.
Interrogative: Have not /haven’t you taken his book?
3. They have paid electricity bill.
Interrogative: Have not/haven’t they paid electricity bill?
4. They have lived in Delhi for over ten years .
Interrogative: Have not haven’t they
lived in Delhi for over ten years?
5. Jack has completed his cleaning work.
Interrogative: Has not /hasn’t Jack completed his cleaning work?
Hope you got clear idea about the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE,
its structure, uses, negative and interrogative, negative- interrogative forms.
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